Patient Education

 Adolescents with anxiety often experience negative thought patterns, which can exacerbate their condition. Recognizing and managing these thoughts is crucial for improving mental health and overall well-being.

Common Negative Thought Patterns:

• Catastrophizing: Expecting the worst possible outcome.
• Overgeneralization: Viewing a single negative event as a never-ending pattern.
• All-or-Nothing Thinking: Seeing situations in black-and-white terms.
• Mind Reading: Assuming others are thinking negatively about them.
• Personalization: Blaming oneself for events outside of one’s control.

Behavioral Indicators:

• Avoidance of social situations or activities
• Excessive reassurance-seeking
• Irritability or anger
• Difficulty concentrating

1. Observe Changes: Note any shifts in mood, behavior, or social interactions.
2. Encourage Open Communication: Discuss their thoughts and feelings without judgment.
3. Monitor Triggers: Identify situations that seem to provoke anxiety or negative thinking.
4. Seek Professional Evaluation: Consult a healthcare provider for a comprehensive assessment.

1. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT):
   • Identify Negative Thoughts: Help your adolescent recognize harmful thinking patterns.
   • Challenge and Replace: Teach them to question the accuracy of their thoughts and replace them with more balanced perspectives.

1. Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques:
   • Deep Breathing Exercises: Teach techniques to reduce physical symptoms of anxiety.
   • Mindfulness Meditation: Encourage practices that promote present-moment awareness.

1. Support at Home:
   • Create a Safe Environment: Foster a supportive and non-judgmental atmosphere.
   • Encourage Positive Activities: Engage in hobbies and activities that boost self-esteem.

1. Healthy Lifestyle:
   • Balanced Diet: Ensure proper nutrition.
   • Regular Physical Activity: Promote exercise to reduce anxiety.
   • Adequate Sleep: Maintain a consistent sleep routine.

If your adolescent expresses thoughts of self-harm or suicide, seek immediate help. Contact a mental health professional or go to the nearest emergency room.

Dr. Priti Purushothaman, MD

Early intervention and support can significantly improve your adolescent's mental health and overall quality of life. Reach out for help and resources as needed.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children, leading to difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Early identification and management are essential for helping children succeed in various aspects of life.

Inattention:

• Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play
• Frequent careless mistakes in schoolwork
• Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
• Often forgetful in daily activities

Hyperactivity:

• Fidgeting or tapping hands and feet
• Inability to stay seated in situations where expected
• Running or climbing in inappropriate situations
• Excessive talking

Impulsivity:

• Blurting out answers before questions are completed
• Difficulty waiting for their turn
• Interrupting or intruding on others

1. Observe Behavior: Note patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
2. Talk to Your Child: Ask about their experiences and challenges.
3. Consult with Teachers: Gather insights about your child's behavior in school.
4. Seek Professional Evaluation: Consult a healthcare provider for a thorough assessment.

           Professional Treatment:

• Behavioral Therapy: Helps in developing coping strategies and improving behavior.
• Medication: Stimulant and non-stimulant medications can be effective. Consult your provider about options.

          Support at Home:

• Create Structure: Establish a consistent daily routine.
• Use Positive Reinforcement: Encourage desired behaviors with rewards and praise.
• Break Tasks into Steps: Simplify tasks to make them more manageable.

           School Support:

• Work with Educators: Develop an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or 504 Plan.
• Provide Breaks: Allow short breaks to help manage hyperactivity.

           Healthy Lifestyle:

• Balanced Diet: Ensure proper nutrition.
• Physical Activity: Encourage regular exercise.
• Adequate Sleep: Maintain a regular sleep schedule.

If your child exhibits severe behavioral issues or you have concerns about their safety, seek immediate help from a mental health professional.

Dr. Priti Purushothaman, MD

Early intervention and support can significantly improve your child's outcomes and overall well-being. Reach out for help and resources as needed.

Depression is a mood disorder that can affect children, causing persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities. Early identification and management are crucial for improving a child's well-being.

Emotional Symptoms:

• Persistent sadness or tearfulness
• Irritability or anger
• Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness
• Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
• Withdrawal from friends and family

Physical Symptoms:

• Changes in appetite or weight
• Sleep disturbances
• Fatigue or low energy
• Physical complaints (headaches, stomachaches)

Behavioral Symptoms:

• Difficulty concentrating
• Decline in school performance
• Restlessness or agitation
• Talking about death or suicide

1. Observe Changes: Note significant changes in mood, behavior, or physical health.
2. Talk to Your Child: Encourage open communication about their feelings.
3. Consult with Teachers: Gather information about behavior in school.
4. Seek Professional Evaluation: Consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation.

1. Professional Treatment:
   • Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help.
   • Medication: Antidepressants may be prescribed; discuss with your provider.

1. Support at Home:
   • Create a Supportive Environment: Ensure your child feels loved and understood.
   • Encourage Routine: A consistent daily routine provides stability.

1. Healthy Lifestyle:
   • Balanced Diet: Ensure a nutritious diet.
   • Physical Activity: Encourage regular exercise.
   • Adequate Sleep: Establish a regular sleep schedule.

1. Positive Activities:
   • Hobbies and Interests: Engage in enjoyable activities.
   • Social Interaction: Facilitate time with friends and family.

If your child expresses thoughts of self-harm or suicide, seek immediate help. Contact a mental health professional or go to the nearest emergency room.

Dr. Priti Purushothaman, MD

Early intervention and support can significantly improve your child's recovery and overall well-being. Reach out for help and resources as needed.

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, including emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). Early identification and management are key to helping children lead healthy and productive lives.

Manic Symptoms:

• Unusually elevated or irritable mood
• Decreased need for sleep without feeling tired
• Excessive talking or pressured speech
• Racing thoughts or distractibility
• Increased goal-directed activities or physical agitation
• Engaging in risky behaviors

Depressive Symptoms:

• Persistent sadness or irritability
• Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
• Significant changes in appetite or weight
• Fatigue or loss of energy
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
• Thoughts of death or suicide

1. Monitor Mood Swings: Observe patterns of extreme mood changes.
2. Track Behavior: Keep a journal of behaviors, sleep patterns, and triggers.
3. Consult with Educators: Gather feedback from teachers about your child’s behavior and academic performance.
4. Seek Professional Evaluation: Consult a mental health professional for a thorough assessment and diagnosis.

         Professional Treatment:

• Medication: Mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, or antidepressants may be prescribed. Follow your healthcare provider’s guidance.
• Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and family therapy can be beneficial.

         Support at Home:

• Create a Routine: Establish a consistent daily schedule for meals, sleep, and activities.
• Monitor Medication: Ensure adherence to prescribed medications and monitor for side effects.
• Encourage Open Communication: Maintain a supportive and non-judgmental environment.

          School Support:

• Work with Educators: Develop an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or 504 Plan to support your child’s educational needs.
• Provide Stability: Ensure a stable and predictable school environment.

          Healthy Lifestyle:

• Balanced Diet: Promote proper nutrition.
• Regular Physical Activity: Encourage exercise to help manage mood.
• Adequate Sleep: Maintain a regular sleep routine to stabilize mood swings.

If your child exhibits severe manic or depressive symptoms, or if you have concerns about their safety, seek immediate help from a mental health professional or go to the nearest emergency room.

Dr. Priti Purushothaman, MD

Early intervention and ongoing support are crucial in managing bipolar disorder in children. Reach out for help and resources as needed.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can affect children who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. Recognizing the signs early and managing the condition effectively can significantly improve a child's quality of life.

Re-experiencing Symptoms:

• Nightmares or disturbing dreams about the trauma
• Flashbacks or reliving the traumatic event
• Intense distress when reminded of the trauma

Avoidance Symptoms:

• Avoiding places, people, or activities that trigger memories of the trauma
• Withdrawal from friends and family
• Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities

Arousal and Reactivity Symptoms:

• Difficulty sleeping or concentrating
• Being easily startled or frightened
• Irritability or aggressive behavior

Cognitive and Mood Symptoms:

• Negative thoughts about oneself or the world
• Persistent feelings of fear, guilt, or shame
• Emotional numbness or lack of positive emotions

1. Observe Changes: Monitor any significant changes in behavior, mood, or sleep patterns.
2. Communicate: Encourage your child to talk about their feelings and experiences.
3. Consult Educators: Gather observations from teachers and school counselors.
4. Seek Professional Help: Consult a mental health professional for a thorough assessment.

          Professional Treatment:

• Therapy: Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) helps children process and cope with traumatic experiences.
• Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to manage symptoms. Follow your healthcare provider’s guidance.

         Support at Home:

• Create Stability: Provide a safe and secure home environment.
• Encourage Expression: Allow your child to express their feelings through talking, drawing, or other creative outlets.
• Maintain Routines: Establish consistent daily routines to provide a sense of normalcy.

        School Support:

• Collaborate with Educators: Develop an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or 504 Plan to support your child’s educational needs.
• Provide Stability: Ensure a predictable and supportive school environment.

        Healthy Lifestyle:

• Balanced Diet: Promote proper nutrition.
• Regular Exercise: Encourage physical activity to help manage stress.
• Adequate Sleep: Maintain a regular sleep routine.

If your child exhibits severe symptoms, such as thoughts of self-harm or harm to others, seek immediate help from a mental health professional or go to the nearest emergency room.

Dr. Priti Purushothaman, MD 

Early intervention and ongoing support are essential in managing PTSD in children. Reach out for help and resources as needed. 

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of developmental disorders that affect communication, behavior, and social interaction. Early identification and intervention are crucial for supporting children with ASD.

Communication Challenges:

• Delayed speech and language skills
• Difficulty starting or maintaining a conversation
• Repetitive use of language or echolalia (repeating words/phrases)

Social Interaction Difficulties:

• Limited eye contact
• Difficulty understanding and responding to social cues
• Preference for solitary play or activities

Behavioral Patterns:

• Repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand-flapping, rocking)
• Strong adherence to routines and resistance to change
• Unusual interests or intense focus on specific topics

Sensory Sensitivities:

• Over- or under-reactivity to sensory inputs (e.g., sounds, textures, lights)

1. Monitor Development: Keep track of your child's developmental milestones.
2. Observe Behavior: Note any repetitive behaviors, communication difficulties, or social interaction challenges.
3. Consult with Educators: Gather feedback from teachers and caregivers.
4. Seek Professional Evaluation: Consult a pediatrician or a child psychiatrist for a comprehensive assessment.

           Professional Treatment:

• Behavioral Therapy: Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) can help improve social, communication, and learning skills.
• Speech and Occupational Therapy: These therapies address communication challenges and improve daily functioning.

          Support at Home:

• Structured Environment: Create a predictable routine and structured environment.
• Positive Reinforcement: Use positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors.
• Visual Supports: Utilize visual aids to help with communication and understanding routines.

         Educational Support:

• Individualized Education Plan (IEP): Work with educators to develop an IEP tailored to your child's needs.
• Special Education Services: Access specialized programs and resources available in schools.

        Healthy Lifestyle:

• Balanced Diet: Promote proper nutrition tailored to sensory preferences.
• Regular Physical Activity: Encourage physical activities that your child enjoys.
• Adequate Sleep: Ensure a consistent sleep routine.

If your child exhibits severe behavioral issues, intense self-injury, or aggression, seek immediate help from a mental health professional or go to the nearest emergency room.

Dr. Priti Purushothaman, MD

Early intervention and ongoing support are essential in managing ASD in children. Reach out for help and resources as needed.